So I just want to post some information and you will find added links on the left of some informative websites on industrial farming and animal cruelty. I think these are issues everyone should be aware of and become involved in whether that includes cutting down on your meat eating, becoming vegetarian or vegan or lobbying for change.
What about free-range products?
Meat, eggs, and dairy may be labeled “free-range” if the animals had USDA-certified access to the outdoors. However, no other criteria—such as environmental quality, size of the outside area, number of animals, or
space per individual—are included in this term.
Free-range laying hens, for example, often have only one to two square feet of floor space per bird and must compete with many others for access to a small exit
from the shed. While these chickens can live an average of seven to eight years, they are taken to slaughter after a year or two. Also, both free-range and commercial laying hens generally come from the same hatcheries, where the baby hens’ beaks are painfully trimmed and the unwanted male chicks are commonly gassed, ground up alive, or thrown into trash bags to suffocate or starve. Although some of these farms may be an improvement over standard factory-farm conditions, free-range does not mean cruelty-free. Unless you investigate a farm to see the conditions yourself, do not put much trust in the term “free-range.” For more information, see COK.net/lit/freerange.php VeganOutreach.org
My Quest for a Humane Egg
by David Sudarsky
Over the past few years, the mainstream consumer has become aware of the horrific modern production of eggs, under which hens are stuffed into battery cages, where they spend their entire miserable lives on a wired surface averaging approximately 7x7 inches
per bird. As with the exposed veal industry decades ago, the brutal truth of egg production has prompted a good number of consumers to look for more humane alternatives. Even if 97% of eggs are still produced under atrocious conditions, at least consumers now have the option of purchasing
"Cage-Free" eggs, "Free Range" eggs, "Animal Care Certified" eggs, and eggs from "Free-Roaming" hens or "Happy Hens." But what do these terms really mean? Are these terms regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), or by anyone else?
Clearly, there are now plenty of labels relating to the welfare of egg-laying hens. This means that the
egg industry acknowledges that the consumer cares about the welfare of "food" animals, and the industry is doing something about it. Are they providing a humane alternative to the standard egg? That is the question, and here are some answers.
"Free Range" and "Free Roaming" are terms that bring to mind idyllic barnyard scenes. These labels, which are regulated by the USDA, may be used by a producer if their hens are allowed some access to the outdoors. This does not guarantee constant access, nor is there any specification of the size of the outdoor area (which is, of course, a penned area, not a range). Because production efficiency is paramount in the highly-competitive egg industry, a high density of hens per area is the norm.
Some producers, particularly those in colder regions of the country, have found little use for the terms
"Free Range" and "Free Roaming." Why would they want their hens to have access to a harsh or snow-covered landscape? Instead, the term, "Cage-Free," is their buzzword of choice. The problem is that this term is completely unregulated. Still, it is reasonable to take this term at face value and
assume that the hens do not live their lives in cages. It is not reasonable to assume that there is ample space, that birds are not debeaked (as in factory farms), or that their physical and psychological welfare is of any concern to the producer. Hens will lay eggs even if they are under great stress. Egg-laying is simply a biological function.
I thought it might be a good idea to contact a few companies that I know to be somewhat more animal-friendly and/or socially conscious than the average. Trader Joe's, a national specialty
grocer, offers a large range of vegan and soy products. They also offer "Cage Free" eggs. None of the employees at my local store could offer any information concerning the welfare of the hens. However, I did get a response from corporate headquarters: "The hens live in barns with some access to the outdoors. They are debeaked because that is necessary to keep them from injuring each other." If, in fact, Trader Joe's deems debeaking as necessary, then this immediately reveals the high density of birds. Under a true free range setting, hens can establish a "pecking order" and none is in danger so long as she can move easily to a different area. Under a high-stress, high-density environment, a natural pecking order cannot be established and the sharp beaks of hens can result in injury (and death) to large numbers of birds.
Allow me to digress for a moment to detail debeaking: It is a process by which much of a young chick's beak is burned or cut off without anesthetic. Because a bird's beak has many nerves, it is a very painful procedure. This fact is well established. Some chicks die of shock, while others may be left with deformed beaks that prevent them from feeding, thereby leading to starvation. But most chicks do make it past the debeaking process OK -- that is, if they are female. Male chicks do not lay eggs and are not good "meat" birds, so they are discarded at the hatchery well before the debeaking process.
Yes, a full 50% of chicks are simply killed without anesthetic or stunning because they are of no use to the industry and the time involved for a less painful death would be too costly to the industry. Many of their sisters are headed off to factory egg farms, while others are purchased by "Cage Free" or "Free Roaming" operations.
Speaking of "Free Roaming" operations, a few days after realizing that Trader Joe's does not offer humanely produced eggs, I was at our local natural foods co-op, where I found an expensive
half-dozen free range egg package from Shelton's. This was no ordinary package. It contained a photo-realistic image of a few hens outside a barn, and they had full beaks! I contacted Shelton's by email, because I wanted to know if their hens really were not debeaked. I received a quick, disappointing reply. It turned out that their hens are debeaked. I shot off another email asking Shelton's why their package showed hens with full beaks. I also asked if they thought that was, perhaps, false or deceptive advertising on their part. I never did receive a reply to that email.
Perhaps I would fare better with "Animal Care Certified" eggs? No, this turned out to be a complete joke. At least "Cage-Free" and "Free-Range" hens are not in tiny cages. "Animal Care Certified" is a seal developed by an egg industry trade group known as United Egg Producers. Standard battery cages are still used, but each bird will be guaranteed 35% more space than the previous average. This is a minor improvement, but adding 17-18 square inches of space is still not nearly enough for the birds to spread their wings. I intentionally stated, "will be guaranteed 35% more space," because the seal can be displayed now by any producer that agrees to phase in the extra space in the coming years, so that their business is not disrupted. In other words, the seal is a promise of sorts to provide a little more space for hens in the future. This industry seal also carries with it other advances, such as maintaining a sufficient supply of food and water for the birds. Apparently, that is just too much to ask of some producers that cannot meet the meager United Egg Producers' standards. If keeping hens in battery cages too small for them to spread their wings (for their entire lives) is "animal care" in your estimation, then perhaps you should purchase "Animal Care Certified" eggs. However, the Better Business Bureau has asked United Egg Producers to stop using the seal because it implies that animals are actually treated reasonably well, which is very far from the truth.
The egg industry, like the meat industry, is morally bankrupt. They consistently offer consumers deception and half-truths concerning animal care standards. In general, consumers do want to continue to purchase eggs, but without a guilty conscience. Terms such as "Happy Hens" (another ridiculous and completely unregulated label) imply that animals are raised with proper care and that they live
their lives naturally and happily before being slaughtered. This is complete and utter nonsense. Perhaps the only "Happy Hens" are those that have been rescued to live out their lives at Farm Sanctuary and other animal shelters, but their eggs aren't for sale.
To visit a modern
CAFO (Confined Animal Feeding Operation) is to enter a world that,
for all its technological sophistication, is still designed according
to Cartesian principles: animals are machines incapable of feeling
pain. Since no thinking person can possibly believe this any more,
industrial animal agriculture depends on a suspension of disbelief
on the part of the people who operate it and a willingness to avert
your eyes on the part of everyone else.
From everything
I’ve read, egg and hog operations are the worst. Beef cattle
in America at least still live outdoors, albeit standing ankle deep
in their own waste eating a diet that makes them sick.
And broiler chickens…at least don’t spend their
eight-week lives in cages too small to ever stretch a wing.
That fate is reserved for the American laying hen, who passes her brief span piled together with a half-dozen other hens in a wire
cage whose floor a single page of this [New York Times] magazine could carpet. Every natural instinct of this animal is thwarted, leading to a range of behavioral “vices” that can include cannibalizing her cagemates and rubbing her body against
the wire mesh until it is featherless and bleeding.… [T]he 10 percent or so of hens that can’t bear it and simply die is built into the cost
of production. And when the output of the others begins to ebb, the hens will be “force-molted”—starved of food and water and light for several days in order to stimulate a final bout of egg laying before their life’s work is done.…
Piglets in confinement operations are weaned from their mothers
10 days after birth (compared with 13 weeks in nature) because they
gain weight faster on their hormone- and antibiotic-fortified feed.
This premature weaning leaves the pigs with a lifelong craving to
suck and chew, a desire they gratify in confinement by biting the
tail of the animal in front of them. A normal pig would fight off
his molester, but a demoralized pig has stopped caring.
“Learned helplessness” is the psychological term,
and it’s not uncommon in confinement operations, where tens
of thousands of hogs spend their entire lives ignorant of sunshine
or earth or straw, crowded together beneath a metal roof upon metal
slats suspended over a manure pit. So it’s not surprising
that an animal as sensitive and intelligent as a pig would get depressed,
and a depressed pig will allow his tail to be chewed on to the point
of infection.
Sick pigs, being underperforming “production units,”
are clubbed to death on the spot. The USDA’s recommended solution
to the problem is called “tail docking.” Using a pair
of pliers (and no anesthetic), most but not all of the tail is snipped
off. Why the little stump? Because the whole point of the exercise
is not to remove the object of tail-biting so much as to render
it more sensitive. Now, a bite on the tail is so painful that even
the most demoralized pig will mount a struggle to avoid it.…
More than any other institution, the American industrial animal
farm offers a nightmarish glimpse of what capitalism can look like
in the absence of moral or regulatory constraint. Here in these
places life itself is redefined—as protein production—and
with it suffering. That venerable word becomes “stress,”
an economic problem in search of a cost-effective solution, like
tail-docking or beak-clipping or, in the industry’s latest
plan, by simply engineering the “stress gene” out of
pigs and chickens. Our own worst nightmare such a place may well
be; it is also real life for the billions of animals unlucky enough
to have been born beneath these grim steel roofs, into the brief,
pitiless life of a “production unit” in the days before
the suffering gene was found.
Michael
Pollan,“An Animal’s Place”
New York Times Magazine, 11/10/02